The Exegetical Anatomy of the Soul
Exegetical Psychology
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Understanding the “soul” as described in the New Testament will help us glorify God by changing the way we live. Many people think that the soul and the spirit are the same thing. God used different words to describe them. Now we will go through the New Testament usage of the term soul verse by verse. For quick reference you can see the chart below in Appendix A.
Section One
The Soul in You
1.1 Adam and His Soul. In Genesis 2:7, we read that Yahweh Elohim formed the man from dust of the ground and blew into his nose the breath of life; and man became a living soul. [1]The Hebrew text reads: … Continue reading For the sake of time, I will not go further in discussing the rich Old Testament background of the soul. Because one author, God, wrote the entire Bible (sixty-six inspired books, Old Testament, New Testament), the term soul in the Old Testament will not differ from the New Testament. In the New Testament, however, saints changed greatly with the Holy Spirit taking up residence in believers, giving spiritual gifts, and transforming people into new creatures never seen before among humans. The Old Testament saints were certainly partakers of the nature of God, but these changed with the New Ministry of the Holy Spirit and the Earthly Ministry of Jesus culminating in His death, resurrection and ascension.
• God created man by placing a living soul in him.
• With a single breath from God, the God-formed body became a living soul.
• God created and made alive the soul.
• With the entry of the soul, man came to life.
• God created the physical body of man before He gave it life with the soul.
1.2 Children Have Souls. The story of Mary and Joseph fleeing to Egypt shows that children, including the baby Jesus, have souls (Matthew 2:20).
• Children have souls.
• Jesus has a soul.
• People may seek to kill the soul.
Section Two
Body and Soul
2.1 Concern for Soul. Jesus commanded people not to be concerned about their souls (Matthew 6:25). Notice that the concern by part of you is about the soul, another part of you. Concern can be separate from soul. Notice also that concern about bodily functions of eating and drinking. Jesus said that the soul is more than food. Likewise, the body is more than clothing. In this case, the body and the soul have some relationship. Some part of us has concern about eating, drinking and clothing.
• People may have concern about their souls.
• People may worry about their souls having enough to eat and drink.
• The soul has a relationship with the body.
• The soul is more than food.
• The body may be concerned about clothing, but the soul concerns itself with food.
2.2 Goods. People talk to their souls. In some cases, they tell their souls that they have many goods laid up for many years. They command their souls to relax, eat, drink and be merry (Luke 12:19). Jesus taught that material prosperity may slip away at any moment, and should never be a source of comfort and contentment for the soul. God will always be the source of comfort and contentment for the soul. Fools do not understand that their soul may be required of them at any time. Souls do not keep material possessions after death (Luke 12:20).
People talk to their souls.
People command their souls.
Souls can have many goods laid up for years.
Souls can be commanded to relax, eat, drink and be merry.
God may demand your soul at any moment.
After death, souls do not keep goods laid up on earth.
When people trust in goods and command their souls to relax, eat, drink and be merry, they act like fools because God may require their soul tonight.
2.3 Soulal Bodies. Paul revealed two types of bodies: the soulal body and the spiritual body. He revealed how the first body is sown soulal and then later raised spiritual (1 Corinthians 15:44). I am using the term “soulal” to be the counterpart to “spiritual.” [2]Paul wrote: πείρεται σῶμα ψυχικόν, ἐγείρεται σῶμα πνευματικόν (1 Corinthians 15:44). Paul helped understand the soul as he compared the soulal body with the spiritual body. We were sown as a soulal body, and we will be raised a spiritual body. Paul explained that given there is a soulal body, we will also have a spiritual body. Paul elaborated: “Adam became a living soul.” [3]Paul wrote: “Ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδὰμ εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν“ More literally, the first man, Adam, became a living soul. In this context, strictly speaking, the body of Adam was created first, and then he became a living soul. Paul emphasizes that order of creation here. In contrast, the last Adam became a spirit life-making. The only other use of this exact form occurs in John 6:63: The spirit is the life-maker; the flesh profits nothing. The words Jesus spoke are spirit and life. As believers we believe the words Jesus has spoken are spirit and life. [4]Jesus said: “τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν“. This verse contains the only other use of … Continue reading Jesus described the words he has spoken as spirit and life-making. The spirit is life making; the flesh profits nothing. John revealed that the works spoken by Jesus are spirit and life-making. Jesus did not describe those words as spiritual, but as spirit.
The first Adam became a living soul.
Jesus, the Last Adam, became a life-making spirit.
Spirit and soul are not the same thing.
The soulal body precedes the spiritual body.
The soul makes the body alive.
Salvation means that one day every saint will be resurrected to a spiritual body.
2.4 God as Witness to the Soul. Paul called upon God as his witness concerning his motives. Paul did not return to Corinth so that he would spare their souls (2 Corinthians 1:23).
Paul called God as a witness to His motives.
Paul intended to spare the souls of the Corinthians.
Souls may be spared the souls of Corinthians.
Paul spared the Corinthians which his visit would have brought upon their souls.
People may cause the souls of saints to experience sorrow.
People may choose to spare the souls of saints sorrow.
2.5 Spirit, Soul, Body. Paul prayed that God would sanctify the Thessalonians saints. He prayed that God would keep their spirit, soul and body blameless in the appearing of the Lord our Jesus Christ (1 Thessalonians 5:23).
God sanctifies saints.
God sanctifies spirits.
God sanctifies souls.
God sanctifies bodies.
God keeps whole spirits, souls and bodies.
God keeps whole spirits, souls and bodies blameless at the appearing of the Lord, our Jesus Christ.
2.6 The Living Word of God. The living word of God penetrates as far as the division of soul and spirit (Hebrews 4:12). [5]The Greek term for “division” (“μερισμοῦ”) means different parts of a whole. See Mark 3:24 where a kingdom divided (“μερισθῇ”) against itself … Continue reading In this case, we know that spirit and soul exist separately, and a division always exists between them. They are not the same and should never be equated.
People have a soul.
People have a spirit.
The soul and spirit have a division between them.
The living word of God penetrates people.
The living word penetrates as far as the division between soul and spirit.
Section Three
God and Souls
3.1 Losing Souls and Finding Souls. He who finds his soul will destroy it, and he who destroys his soul for My sake will find it (Matthew 10:39). [6]While I appreciate the interplay between finding a soul and losing a soul, I like the translation better of finding a soul and destroying a soul because the same word is used to describe the evil … Continue reading People may exercise control over their souls.
• People may search for their souls.
• People may find their souls.
• When People search and find their souls, they destroy their souls.
• People may destroy their souls for the sake of Jesus.
• People who destroy their souls for the sake of Jesus find their souls.
3.2 Rest for Souls. Jesus promised rest for every soul that takes His yoke upon him. Notice here that Jesus described Himself as humble in heart, not humble in soul.
• Souls need rest which only Jesus provides.
• Jesus provides rest for our souls when we take His yoke upon us and we learn from Him.
3.3 Pleasure with Jesus. The soul of God takes pleasure in His servant, Jesus. [7]Matthew quoted from the Servant Songs of Isaiah regarding Messiah, the Suffering Servant of God (Isaiah 42:1).
• God has a soul.
• God’s soul feels pleasure.
• God’s soul found pleasure in His Servant Jesus.
3.4 Exalt God. Mary also said that her soul exalted the Lord when she visited Elizabeth (Luke 1:45). [8]The root of the idea of “exalt” (“Μεγαλύνει“) means to enlarge, and so conveys exalt (Matthew 23:5 of tassels). Paul also wrote that Christ is exalted in his body … Continue reading Compare also that a sword pierced the soul of Mary, that thought may be revealed out of many hearts (Luke 2:35).
Souls exalt.
Souls exalt God.
Mary’s soul exalted God.
3.5 Souls Taken Up. Souls may be taken up with suspense. The Jews asked Jesus to tell them openly that He was the Christ because Jesus had taken up their souls (John 10:24). [9]The Greek phrase was “Εως πότε τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις;“
Souls may be taken up with suspense.
Souls want to know things.
3.6 Troubled Soul. Jesus spoke to His disciples about His troubled soul (John 12:27). [10]John described the trouble this ways: “Νῦν ἡ ψυχή μου τετάρακται”–notice the perfect tense of the verb indicating a continuing condition of trouble. The coming hour of His crucifixion caused the trouble. At the same time, Jesus knew that He came to that hour to offer His soul a ransom for many. He would not ask His Father to save Him from that hour. Jesus then prayed that He would glorify the name of the Father. Then a voice from heaven said: “I have both glorified it and will glorify it again” (John 12:28).
Jesus had a troubled soul.
Looking forward to the hour of torture and death troubled His soul.
A troubled soul may be sinless.
Jesus controlled His troubled soul and did not ask for the hour to be removed.
Jesus spoke of His troubled soul with His disciples Andrew and Philip.
Jesus spoke of His commitment to following His Father’s plan even when His soul was troubled.
Troubled souls may glorify God.
God speaks to troubled souls who pray to Him with clean hearts.
3.7 Bless. Bless the LORD, O my soul (Psalm 104:35).
3.8 Praise. Let my soul live, that it may praise You (Psalm 119:175)
Section Four
Sin and Souls
4.1 Sin and Death. All souls belong to God; the soul of the father and the soul of the son belong to God. The soul who sins will die (Ezekiel 18:4).
4.2 Souls Sin. (Micah 6:7).
Section Five
Conviction and Souls
5.1 Souls Convicted. The LORD came to convict all souls concerning all their ungodly works (Jude 1:15).
Souls may do unGodly works.
Souls may be convicted.
God may convict souls.
God may convict souls of unGodly works.
Section Six
The Gospel and Souls
6.1 Ransom. The Son of Man came to give His soul as the ransom for many (Matthew 20:28). [11]Some translators equate soul with life and employ that error in theology into their translations. The Greek term for “the soul” (“τὴν ψυχὴν“) has a special meaning … Continue reading Jesus did not come to be served.
Jesus has a soul.
Jesus came to give His soul.
Souls may be given for someone else.
Souls may be given as ransom for other people.
The soul of Jesus was required for atonement.
The soul of Jesus was required for salvation.
Jesus gave His soul as a ransom for many people.
6.2 Saving Souls. Religious people were watching people to see if He would heal in the synagogue on the Sabbath (Mark 3:4). After calling a man with a withered hand to Him, Jesus asked the audience if it were lawful on the Sabbath to save souls or to kill? [12]Translators display their bias by equating the terms life and soul. In this verse, Jesus used the term “soul” (“ψυχὴν“), not life, as the object of to save … Continue reading Jesus saved the soul on the Sabbath, and did good.
Jesus saves souls.
If Jesus does not save your soul, you will be killed.
6.3 Three Thousand Souls in One day. At Pentecost people received the word of God and were baptized. In that day, about three thousand souls were added to the church (Acts 2:41).
Some people hearing the Gospel of Jesus Christ receive it.
Souls receiving the Gospel of Jesus Christ are added to the church immediately.
Souls are saved by receiving the word.
Souls comprise the church.
Three thousand souls were added in one day.
6.4 Imparting the Soul. Paul revealed that he and the ministry team at Thessalonica not only imparted the Gospel of Jesus Christ, but also their very souls to the Thessalonians, because the Thessalonians had become beloved by Paul and the ministry team (1 Thessalonians 2:8).
People may impart their souls.
People may impart the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
People may impart their souls to the people they long for and love.
People may impart both the Gospel of Jesus Christ and their souls to people they long for and love.
Section Seven
Salvation and Souls
7.1 Ransom. The Son of Man came to give His soul as the ransom for many (Matthew 20:28). [13]Some translators equate soul with life and employ that error in theology into their translations. The Greek term for “the soul” (“τὴν ψυχὴν“) has a special meaning … Continue reading Jesus did not come to be served.Unchanged:
Jesus has a soul.
Jesus came to give His soul.
Souls may be given for someone else.
Souls may be given as ransom for other people.
The soul of Jesus was required for atonement.
The soul of Jesus was required for salvation.
Jesus gave His soul as a ransom for many people.
7.2 Souls Redeemed. Souls may be redeemed, but it costly (Psalm 49:8).
7.3 God Redeems. God redeems the soul from the power of Sheol (Psalm 49:10).
7.4 Saving Souls. Religious people were watching people to see if He would heal in the synagogue on the Sabbath (Mark 3:4). After calling a man with a withered hand to Him, Jesus asked the audience if it were lawful on the Sabbath to save souls or to kill? [14]Translators display their bias by equating the terms life and soul. In this verse, Jesus used the term “soul” (“ψυχὴν”), not life, as the object of to save … Continue reading Jesus saved the soul on the Sabbath and did good.
Jesus saves souls.
If Jesus does not save your soul, you will be killed.
7.5 The Implanted Word. Saints must put aside all filthiness and the which remains of wickedness, in humility receive the implanted word, which is able to save your souls (James 1:21). [15]James wrote: “τὸν δυνάμενον σῶσαι τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν.”
The word may be implanted in people.
The implanted has the power to save the souls of people.
7.6 The End of Faith. Saints receive the outcome of their faith, the salvation of souls (1 Peter 1:9). [16]The Greek participle “κομιζόμενοι” has other uses of the root word indicating it may mean to receive back or be paid back as in Ephesians 6:8; Colossians 4:25), but that … Continue reading
Souls may obtain salvation.
The outcome of faith is salvation of souls.
7.7 Hear the Prophet. Shortly after Pentecost, Peter preached a second sermon about Jesus Messiah. Peter alluded to the Old Testament prophecy about Jesus the Prophet coming and every soul must heed [17]Peter used the Greek term ” ἀκούσῃ“ for heed. that prophet or be destroyed from among the people. [18]Peter used the word “will be ruined” (“ἐξολεθρευθήσεται”). Compare the related word ὄλεθρον to describe Satan destroying the body, but the spirit … Continue reading
People must listen to Jesus the Prophet and heed His words.
Souls may be ruined for not heeding.
Every soul must heed Jesus the Prophet or be ruined.
7.8 Gain and Forfeit. Jesus spoke about gaining the world. [19]The Greek term for “gain” (“κερδήσῃ“) means to acquire, in this case through human effort or success. This third class condition speaks to a probable event; wide is … Continue reading Gaining the entire world profits nothing if you forfeit your soul. Jesus implied that you have nothing to exchange your soul once forfeited (Matthew 16:26). Only Jesus can redeem your soul after you forfeit it.
People may gain the entire world and forfeit their souls.
People may have nothing to give in exchange for their souls.
7.9 Endurance and Gain. Jesus commanded saints to gain their souls through endurance. [20]Jesus put it this way in Greek: ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν κτήσασθε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν. The term “gain” (“κτήσασθε“) in this … Continue reading The same term for gain was used in Matthew 10:19 where Jesus commissioned the twelve and directed them not to “gain” gold, silver or copper for their money belts. Jesus emphasized that parents, brothers, relatives and friends will betray saints already facing intense persecution for their faith in Jesus. Everyone will hate the saints. As the saints endure, then they gain their souls. Remember that destroying your soul for the sake of Jesus and His Gospel means you find your soul.
Souls may be persecuted.
People gain their souls while they endure persecution for the sake of Jesus.
Souls may remain sinless during persecution.
Section Eight
Turning Souls
8. 1 Turns a Sinner. Saints who turn a sinner out of his evil way saves his soul out of death and covers a multitude of sins (James 5:20–see Ezekiel 3:20). [21]James described it this way: … Continue reading
Sinners have souls.
Souls may be saved out of death.
Section Nine
Blessing and Souls
9.1 Blessing Souls. Genesis 27:4 Isaac wanted to bless his son before he died. He actually blessed Jacob through deception (Genesis 27:19).
Section Ten
Life and Souls
10.1 Your Life and Your Soul. Uriah said that by the life of David and the soul of David, Uriah would not go to see his wife (2 Samuel 11:11).
Section Eleven
Love and Souls
11.1 Love God. God commands us to love Him in all our heart, all our soul, and all our mind (Matthew 22:37). [22]God used three distinct Greek terms there: the heart (“τῇ καρδίᾳ“), soul (“τῇ ψυχῇ“) and mind (“τῇ διανοίᾳ“). I prefer the … Continue reading Apparently your heart, soul and mind all have love to give and love is not confined to only one of them. Therefore, because God distinguished heart, soul, and mind, we must do likewise. We must avoid any temptation to equate hear with soul or soul with mind or any combination of the three. In that passage, God commanded us to love with our soul. Compare also Mark 12:30 where we must also love God with all our strength.
People have hearts.
People have souls.
People have minds.
God commands people to love Him with all their heart, soul and mind.
Souls must love God.
Love from the soul may be all or some.
God commands us to love Him with all our soul.
Hearts may love God.
Minds may love God.
Your soul, mind and heart are not the same thing.
Your heart, mind and soul all must love God.
All your heart, mind and soul must love God.
Love for God must never be compromised or partial in your heart, soul and mind.
11.2 Souls Love God. God commanded people to love Him with all their heart and with all their souls (Deturonomy 11:13;13:3;).
Paul said he will spend and will be spent for the souls of the Corinthians.
People can purposefully be spent for Souls of other people.
People can purposefully spend their souls for other people.
Souls were a focus of Paul’s ministry.
Paul will spend and be spent for the souls of the Corinthians with gladness.
People may spend themselves with gladness for the souls of others.
People who spend themselves gladly for the souls of others may be loved less by the others.
11.3 The Good Shepherd. Jesus said He was the Good Shepherd who laid down His soul for the sheep (John 10:11, 15). When the hired hand fled, Jesus stayed to guard the sheep. The Father loves Jesus because Jesus laid down His soul, so that He may take it again. [23]John used the Greek phrase: ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. Jesus emphasized that He laid down His life and no one took it from … Continue reading
Souls may be laid down for others.
Jesus laid down His soul for the saints.
Jesus took up His soul after laying it down.
The Father loves Jesus for laying down His soul for the saints.
Souls may be taken up again by the power of God.
11.4 Jesus and Love. Jesus linked laying down your soul with love for your friends (John 15:3). He said no one has greater love than laying down your soul for your friends.
People may lay down their souls for their friends.
Jesus linked laying down your soul with love for your friends.
No one has greater love for their friends than laying down your soul for your friends.
11.5 Peter and His Soul. Jesus said He was leaving and Peter could not follow Him immediately. Peter then responded that he would lay down his soul for Jesus. Jesus then asked Peter: “Will you lay down your soul for me?” Jesus went on to say that Peter would actually deny him three times that night, but do not let you heart be afraid. Believe in God, believe also in Me.(John 13:37-14:1).
People may say great things about laying down their soul for another person.
Peter reminds us that we may say one thing about our souls, and then do another thing under pressure.
Jesus linked denying Him to the heart, and said the heart should not be afraid, even before or after denying Jesus.
People may lay down their lives for Jesus, but they may also deny Him under pressure.
11.6 Laid Down His Soul. Saints know love because Jesus laid down His soul for us, and so we ought to lay down our souls for the brethren (1 John 3:16).
Souls can be laid down for others.
Jesus laid down His soul for us.
We should lay down our souls for the brethren.
Section Twelve
Heart and Souls
12.1 God’s Heart and Soul. God has both a heart and a soul (1 Samuel 2:35).
Section Thirteen
Souls Given Over
13.1 Souls Given Over. People recognized that Paul and Barnabas gave over their souls for the name of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 15:26–compare Matthew 10:39). [24]The phrase “risked their lives” completely misses the point. Luke described Paul and Barnabas as men “who gave over their souls” … Continue reading They gave their souls to the Lord Jesus Who then directed their lives.
People may hand over their souls.
Paul and Barnabas handed over their souls to the Lord Jesus.
Section Fourteen
Souls Risked
14.1 Risking the Soul. Epaphroditus became dear to Paul as they labored together for Christ. Paul revealed that Epaphroditus came near to death, risking his soul, that he might complete the service of the Philippians to Paul (Philippians 2:30).
Souls deliberately may be put at risk of death.
Souls may draw near to death for the work of Christ.
People may notice when you risk your soul to serve other people.
God may call upon you to risk your soul for the work of Christ.
Section Fifteen
Spent Souls
15.1 Spent for Souls. Just as Jesus sacrificed His soul as a ransom for many, so also Paul said he will spend and will be spent for the souls of the Corinthians. [25]In Acts 21.24, Paul was directed to pay the expenses (“δαπάνησον”) for men under a vow. Same root word used of paying for the soul of the Corinthians. The concepts of spending and being spent reflect the love and devotion Paul felt for the Corinthians. Consider Jesus talking about destroying your soul and you will find it.
Section Sixteen
Unity and Souls
16.1 One in Heart and Soul. In the early church, the multitudes believing in Jesus were one in heart and soul (Acts 4:32).
People may be one in heart.
People may be one in soul.
Multitudes of believers may be one in heart and soul.
Heart and soul are not the same thing.
16.2 Relatives in Souls. Joseph invited his father Jacob and all relative in souls (about seventy-five people) to come to him in Egypt. [26]Luke used the phrase “the relative in souls” (“τὴν συγγένειαν ἐνψυχαῖς“).
People may be relative in souls.
Joseph had relative in soul seventy-five people.
Some of those relative in souls people once threw Joseph into a pit and sold him into slavery.
People relative in souls may do some very evil things.
People may forgive their relative in souls.
16.3 Striving in One Soul. Not only may people be standing fast in one spirit, but they may also be striving together in one soul in faith of the Gospel (Philippians 1:27).
People may stand fast in one spirit.
People may strive together in one soul.
People may strive together in one soul in faith of the Gospel.
16.4 United Souls. Paul described Christian unity: souls thinking the same, having the same love, united souls, one in thinking. [27]Paul put it this way: “πληρώσατέ μου τὴν χαρὰν ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ φρονῆτε, τὴν αὐτὴν ἀγάπην ἔχοντες, σύμψυχοι, τὸ … Continue reading
Paul commanded souls to think the same.
Paul commanded souls to have the same love.
Paul commanded souls to be united.
Paul commanded souls to think the same.
16.5 Souls Knit. The souls of Jonathan and David were knit together (1 Samuel 18:1).
Section Seventeen
Wisdom and Souls
17.1 Soulish Wisdom. James contrasted the gentleness of wisdom which comes down from above, with the earthly, soulish, and demonic wisdom (James 3:15). [28]James the wisdom not from above as “ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης”.
The wisdom not from above is soulish.
Soulish wisdom opposes the wisdom of God.
Soulish wisdom is earthly, and demonic.
Section Eighteen
Hope and Souls
18.1 Anchor of the Soul. The hope of saints provides an anchor for the soul, safe and steadfast and enters inside the veil, where Jesus entered (Hebrews 6:19).
Souls hope.
Hope provides anchor for the soul.
The anchor of hope holds the soul safe and steadfast inside the veil, where Jesus entered.
Section Nineteen
Fear and Souls
19.1 Fear in Souls. After receiving the word at Pentecost, all the souls of the saints had fear come into being in those souls. They witnessed many signs and wonders come into being through the apostles.
Souls may fear.
Souls may fear after salvation.
Fear comes into being in the souls of people after salvation.
19.2 Loss of Soul. Nearing shipwreck, Paul told the people on the ship that they should take courage, because not one soul would be lost (Acts 27:22). [29]Luke used the phrase “ἀποβολὴ γὰρ ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν.“ The ship had two-hundred seventy souls on board (Acts 27:37); they would be saved, but the ship lost.
Souls may be lost.
Souls may be lost by dying during a shipwreck.
Paul encourage people by letting them know their souls would not be lost during shipwreck.
Luke referred to people facing death in a storm-tossed ship as souls.
Section Twenty
Grief and Souls
20.1 Jesus’ Soul Grieved. In the Garden of Gethsemane, on the night of His arrest and the day before His crucifixion and death, Jesus grieved deeply in His soul (Matthew 26:38). [30]Matthew used the Greek term “grieved deeply” (“Περίλυπός“) ; Greek has a nice phrase for “deeply grieved” … Continue reading This grief lasted until His death. Because commanded us to be anxious for nothing, we know that all anxiety amounts to sin ( Philippians 4:6).
Souls can deeply grieve.
Souls can deeply grieve without sin.
All anxiety is sinful.
Souls can deeply grieve without anxiety.
Souls can deeply grieve over impending death.
Jesus grieved deeply in His soul the night before His crucifixion and death.
Jesus shared the deep grief in His soul with others and requested prayer.
20.2 Souls Spared Grief. God told Eli that He would not kill every man of his household so that Eli’s soul would not grieve (1 Samuel 2:23).
20.3 Wasting Grief. Eyes, souls and bodies may waste away from grief (Psalm 31:9).
Section Twenty One
Discouragement and Souls
21.1 Discouraged Souls. People enduring hostility must consider the example of Jesus, Who enduring the hostility of sinner against Himself. As saints consider Jesus suffering hostility, we do not give up, because our souls have been discouraged (Hebrews 12:3). [31]The Greek text reads: “ἵνα μὴ κάμητε ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἐκλυόμενοι.” This common “ἵνα ” clause with a negative means that we … Continue reading
Section Twenty Two
Hatred and Souls
22.1 Hate. Jesus taught people that they must hate their father, mother, wife, children, brothers, sisters and their own souls, if they were to follow Him (Luke 14;26). Jesus meant that we must have an absolute love for Him, and by comparison, we hate everyone else, including our own souls. Remember that as we destroy our souls for the sake of Jesus and His Gospel, we find our souls.
Following Jesus means you hate your father, mother, children, brothers, sisters, and your own soul.
You can hate your soul and not sin.
22.2 Souls Abhor the Ordinances of God. Some souls abhor the ordinances of God (Leviticus 26:15). Likewise, the soul of God may abhor people who fall into idolatry (Leviticus 26:30). [32]The verbs were “תִּגְעַ֣ל” and “וְגָעֲלָ֥ה” respectively.
Section Twenty Three
Upset Souls
23.3 Souls Upset. Some people came to believers in Antioch and disturbed believers there with words, upsetting the the souls of the believers. [33]Luke used the Greek phrase: “ἐτάραξαν ὑμᾶς λόγοις ἀνασκευάζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν” (Acts 15:24).
Souls may be upset.
Words can upset the souls of believers.
Section Twenty Four
Stirred Up and Mistreated Souls
24.1 Souls Stirred Up and Mistreated. Certain disbelieving Jews stirred up and mistreated the souls of the Gentiles against the brethren (Acts 14:2). [34]The Greek phrase was “ἐπήγειραν καὶ ἐκάκωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν.” New Testament Greek has a nice … Continue reading
Souls may be stirred up.
Souls may be embittered.
People may stir up the souls of other people.
People may cause the souls of other people to be embittered.
Unbelievers may stir up souls and embitter souls against others.
Section Twenty Five
Annoyed Souls
25.1 Soul Annoyed. Delilah annoyed daily the soul of Samson (Judges 16:16).
Section Twenty Six
Delighted Souls
26.1 Delighted Souls. God consolations delight the soul, when anxious thoughts multiply inside me (Psalm 94:19).
Section Twenty Seven
Composed and Quieted Souls
27.1 Composed and Quieted Souls. Surely I have composed and quieted my soul; like a weaned child against his mother, my soul is like a weaned child within me (Psalm 131:2).
27.2 Souls Tremble. (Isaiah 15:4).
Section Twenty Eight
Bowed Down Souls
28.1 Souls Remember and Bow Down. Jeremiah described his soul as bowed down when he remembered his afflictions and wanderings, bitterness and wormwood (Lamentations 3:19-20).
Section Twenty Nine
Longing Souls
29.1 Longing of Soul. Babylon longed for the fruit of the soul, but it left (Revelation 18:14).
Souls can long for things.
Section Thirty
Prosperity and Souls
30.1 Souls Prosper. John said that a soul prospers (3 John 1:2). [35]John used the phrase “αθὼς εὐοδοῦταί σου ἡ ψυχή“.
Souls may prosper.
Section Thirty One
Strengthened Souls
31.1 Souls Strengthened. Barnabas and Paul preached the Gospel in various places, and then returned “strengthening the souls” of the disciples, encouraging them to remain in the faith, “Through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God” (Acts 14:22). [36]Luke used the phrase “ἐπιστηρίζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μαθητῶν“.
Souls may be strengthened.
Souls may be encouraged.
Souls may undergo tribulation.
Reminding disciples that they must pass through many tribulations to enter the kingdom of God will strengthen their souls.
Souls may be strengthened and encouraged in the faith as they pass through tribulations.
Section Thirty Two
Purified Souls
32.1 Purify Souls. Peter revealed that obedience to the truth in a sincere brotherly love purifies the soul (1 Peter 1:22).
Souls may be purified.
Our obedience purifies our souls.
Obedience to the truth purifies souls.
Sincere brotherly love out of the heart purifies souls.
Fervent love for the brethren purifies our souls.
Section Thirty Three
Leaders and Souls
33.1 The Shepherd and Overseer of the Souls. Peter descried saints as sheep once straying, but now have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of souls (1 Peter 2:11).
Souls stray like sheep.
Souls have a Shepherd and Overseer.
Souls return to the Shepherd and Overseer of Souls.
Jesus is the Shepherd and Overseer of souls.
33.2 Subjection of Souls. Paul commanded that every soul must be in subjection to the governing authorities, for God established all governments (Romans 13:1). [37]Paul wrote that “every soul” (“Πᾶσα ψυχὴ“) must “be in subjection” (“ὑποτασσέσθω“) to the authorities … Continue reading
All souls may live in subjection.
All souls must in subjection to authorities.
Saints must keep their souls in subjection to authorities.
33.3. Attending to Souls. Leaders have attend to the souls of saints as ones who render an account (Hebrews 13:17). [38]God ordered: Obey your leaders The souls of saints obey their leaders and accept authority … Continue reading
Souls of saints are attended to by leaders.
Leaders must give an account for the service as soul attendants.
Section Thirty Four
Work and Souls
34.1 Souls Work. Paul commanded believers in all that they do, work as to the Lord and not to men (Colossians 3:3).
Believers work.
Souls may work.
Some work may not be from the soul.
God commands believers to work from the soul, as to the Lord, and not to men.
All work must be done out of the soul.
34.2 Work out of Soul. Servants must serve their masters not according to eyeservice, or men-pleasing, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God out of soul. [39]Paul used the term “soul” (“ψυχῆς“) referring to soul and not the heart. Verbal correspondence requires the translation using the word soul; using the term heart means … Continue reading
God has a will.
God has a will for slaves of Christ.
God wills that slaves work from the soul.
Soul work means you do not aim to please men or work with eyeservice, but you do the will of God as the slave of Christ.
Section Thirty Five
Tribulation and Distressed Souls
35.1 No Value Souls. Paul considered his soul to be of no value (“οὐδενὸς λόγου ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ “) as he considered that bonds and afflictions awaited him in Jerusalem. Instead, Paul intended to finish the course and the ministry he received from the Lord Jesus to testify solemnly of the Gospel of the Grace of God (Acts 20:23-24).
People may consider their souls of no value as they pursue the ministry Jesus gave to them.
Paul considered his soul of no value as considered bonds and afflictions awaiting him as he pursued the ministry of the Gospel of the Grace of God.
People may choose ministry which destroys their souls.
35.2 Souls undergoing Tribulation and Distress. Tribulation and distress come upon every soul of man doing evil, to the Jew first and then the Gentile. [Luke used the terms “θλῖψις” and “στενοχωρία”.]]
Souls may do evil.
Tribulation and distress come upon souls doing evil.
Jews first, then Gentiles, doing evil experience tribulation and distress in their souls.
Section Thirty Six
Attacks upon the Soul
36.1 Attack upon the Soul of Jesus. Herod and his men tried to kill Jesus. They specifically targeted His soul (Matthew 2:20).
• People may target a soul and kill the body.
• No One but God can destroy body and soul in Hell.
36.2 War against the Soul. Peter beseeched the saints as aliens and strangers to avoid lusts of the flesh which wage ware against the soul (1 Peter 2:11).
Internal wars affect the soul.
Lusts of the flesh wage war against the soul.
Avoiding fleshly lusts avoids that ware with the soul.
Lusts of the flesh do not arise in the soul.
Our soul and our flesh are different things.
36.3 Souls Set Before a Faithful Creator . Believers suffering according to the will of God were setting their souls before a faithful creator by doing good (1 Peter 4:19). [40]Peter used the Greek term “παρατιθέσθωσαν” in the imperative with a dative following. In Mark 6:41, this same root word was used of giving the loaves to the disciples to … Continue reading
Souls may be set before a faithful Creator.
Souls may be set before a faithful Creator by doing good.
Souls may be set before a faithful creator by doing good, even when suffering according to the will of God.
36.4 Souls Tormented. The righteous soul of Lot was continuously tormented day by day by the lawless deeds he heard and saw as lived among evil people (2 Peter 2:8). [41]Peter emphasized the ongoing nature of the torment with “ἐβασάνιζεν“–imperfect, active, indicative. The righteous soul experiences this continuous torment.
Souls may be righteous.
Souls may be tormented continuously.
Lawless deeds seen and heard torment righteous souls.
Living among people doing lawless things torments the righteous soul.
36.5 Enticing Souls. Peter also warned against evil people with eyes full of adultery enticing unsteady souls (2 Peter 2:14). [42]Peter used the term “δελεάζοντες“–present active participle. He also described souls as “ἀστηρίκτους“.
Souls may be enticed.
Souls may be unsteady.
People with eyes full of adultery may entice unsteady souls.
36.6 Souls Sought. Elijah prayed to the Lord about evil people seeking his soul (Romans 11:3).
People may seek the souls of others.
Evil People sought the soul of Elijah, to kill him.
Section Thirty Seven
Numbered Souls
37.1 Souls Safe. Noah’s ark brought eight souls safely through the water (1 Peter 3:20).
God saved souls from the flood.
God used Noah’s ark to bring eight souls safely through the water.
Section Thirty Eight
Bought and Sold Souls
13.9 Souls Bought and Sold. Babylon considered the souls of men commodities to be bought and sold (Revelation 18:13).
Some souls may be bought and sold.
Babylon trades the souls of man like other commodities.
Section Thirty Nine
Aberrant Souls
39.1 Soulers. Some people cause divisions in the body of Christ, soulers, not having a spirit (Jude 1:19). I use the term “soulers” to describe the plural noun ” ψυχικοί” to describe the soul dominating a person for evil. That soulish person has no spirit. [43]Jude described certain evil men as “Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες, ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες“. This verse raises many interesting points and issues. First, evil people causing divisions have a problem with their souls dominating them. Second, those same people are best described as soulish have no spirit. Three, it appears as soulish actions take over, the person has no spirit. Fourth. soul and spirit may be inversely proportional at times. Fifth, at times, the spirit may restrain the soul from evil behavior, particularly dividing the saints.
Some People are soulers.
Soulers people have no spirit.
Soulers people divide believers.
Spirit may restrain the soul from evil?
Section Forty
Death and Souls
40.1 Souls Beg to Die. The soul of Jonah begged to die, saying that death is better than life (Jonah 4:8). [44]Jonah used the phrase “וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשֹׁו֙ לָמ֔וּת“.
40.2 Souls Delivered. Souls may be delivered from death (Psalm 33:19).
40.3 Beheaded. The souls of people beheaded during the Tribulation because of the word of God and their testimony and who did not worship the beast nor take his mark and did not worship his image lived with Christ and reigned with Him for a thousand years (Revelation 20:4).
Souls may die.
Souls may live and reign with Christ after death.
40.5 Soul in Him. Eutychus fell asleep and fell from the third floor. Paul embraced him and said, “Do not be troubled for his soul is in him” (Acts 20:10).
People do not die physically so long as the soul remains in them.
40.6 Souls in Sea Creatures. Some sea creatures have souls and die (Revelation 8:9; 16:13).
Some creatures have souls.
Some sea creatures have souls.
In the future, all living souls in the sea will die.
Section Forty One
Destruction of Souls
41.1 Will To Save. If a person wills to save his soul, he will destroy it (Matthew 16:25). [45]The Greek word for “will” (“θέλῃ“) appears in the subjunctive mood, as part of a third class condition. People tend to try to save their own souls, but end up in Hell … Continue reading Here the will of a person acts toward saving the soul. The soul and the will are not the same thing. The will remains separate from the soul, because we see that the soul receives action of the will–I will to save my soul.
People have wills.
People will to save their souls.
People who will to save their souls destroy them.
People who destroy their souls for the sake of Jesus save them.
You can destroy your soul and not sin.
41.2 Loving Life in This World. Jesus taught that if you love your life in this world, then you destroy it. [46]The Greek term for “destroy” (“ἀπολλύει“–present active indicative) emphasizes the ongoing nature of that destruction as you love your life in this world. Paul … Continue reading In contrast, if you hate your life in this world, then you will guard it to eternal life. [47]The Greek includes present active participles related to the main verbs of destroys and guards.
People can love their souls.
As you love your soul in this world, you are destroying it.
People can hate their soul in this world.
As you hate your soul in this world, then you guard it to eternal life.
41.3 Shrinking Back. When righteous people shrink back from living in faith, then the soul of God takes no pleasure in that person (Hebrews 10:38). Righteous people never shrink back to destruction, because they have faith to the preserving of the soul (Hebrews 10:39). [48]Righteous people never shrink back to destruction (“ἀπώλειαν“–associated with destruction of the soul in the Afterlife, which only happens to unbelievers). Here, saving faith means you may shrink back for a time, like Peter and John Mark, and the soul of God does not take pleasure in such decisions. In fact, the Holy Spirit grieves over our shrinking back. Even so, once restored and we again stand firm in our faith (often through the ministry to us from other believers Ezekiel 3:20; Matthew 18:15; Luke 17:3; Galatians 6:1-10) , then the soul of God takes pleasure in us again.
Saving faith makes people righteous.
Righteous people may live by faith.
Righteous people may shrink back from living in faith.
The soul of God takes no pleasure in righteous people who shrink back from living in faith.
Saving people never shrink back to destruction, because their saving faith always preserves their soul.
41.4 Attacks upon the Body. Jesus warned us not to be afraid of the ones able to kill the body (Matthew 1028). Instead, we should afraid of God who is able to destroy body and soul in Hell.
• Souls may be destroyed in Hell.
• Souls survive the death of the body.
• Souls continue existence after the death of the physical body.
• People fear destruction of their body in death.
• God says fear Him because He can destroy both body and soul in Hell.
Section Forty Two
The Afterlife and Souls
42.1 Hades and the Soul. When the body of an unbeliever dies, their soul goes straight to Hades (Luke 16:23–see Free E-Book on the Afterlife.) When Jesus died, God did not forsake His soul to Hades nor did His body undergo decay in the ground (Acts 2:27; Psalm 16:10–see study on Ephesians 4:7-11.)
The souls of unbelievers go to Hades when their bodies die.
Jesus has a soul.
The soul of Jesus never went to Hades.
The body of Jesus never underwent decay in the grave.
The souls of believers never go to Hades.
The bodies of saints undergo decay in the grave after death.
42.2 Testimony of Souls. During the Tribulation, the souls under the altar in heaven, slain because of their testimony for God, cried out (Revelation 6:9).
Souls continue after the body dies.
Some souls go to heaven.
Some souls in heaven appear under the altar in heaven.
Some souls bear testimony to God during the tribulation.
Some souls go to heaven because of their testimony on earth.
Some souls were slain on earth because of the word of God and their testimony.
42.3 Not Loved. Some people overcame the accuser of the brethren through the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony; they did not love their souls unto death (Revelation 12:11). [49]John wrote: “καὶ οὐκ ἠγάπησαν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν ἄχρι θανάτου“.
Some people overcome evil.
Some people overcome evil by not loving their souls unto death.
43.4 Sheol Power. Sheol exercises power over souls (Psalm 89:48).
43.5 The Rod and Sheol. You shall strike your child with a rod and deliver his soul from Sheol (Proverbs 23:14).
Appendix One
Chart of the New Testament Term Soul
I have constructed a chart of New Testament verses concerning the soul. I have used very stilted Greek translations to try to convey some of the original flow of the text and to practice some verbal correspondence among terms. I do not recommend constructing a New Testament translation on any stilted Greek translations. I am doing so for my limited purposes to highlight the use of the terms, without any smoothing of the translation for English readers. A good English translation would have very careful smoothing to be more readable, while keeping the integrity of the words translated. As always, plenary, verbal inspiration of the text makes all the difference. In other words, God revealed specific words in the autographs and we must study those autographs to understand the revelation of God in detail. Translations always carry some bias and often propagate huge theological errors. I am reminded that geneticists used to refer to “junk DNA” in cells because they did not understand the function of that DNA. Now, further study reveals that we do not have junk DNA in our cells, we just had junk science labeling some DNA junk solely because people did not understand its proper function. Likewise, we have theological junk created by people who do not study the words in the Bible that they translate. Until we do careful exegesis of psychological terms, we will continue to have junk theology in translations and counseling practice.
The Usage of the Term Soul in the New Testament
| Verse | Greek | Translation | Meaning | Point |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 5:3 | Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | Blessed the poor in the spirit, because theirs is the kingdom of the heavens | Poor in spirit people have a place in the Kingdom of Heaven | Spirits have a place in the Kingdom of Heaven |
| Matthew 26:41; Mark 14:38 | γρηγορεῖτε καὶ προσεύχεσθε, ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν: τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής | Watch and pray, that you may not enter into temptation; but the spirit eager but the flesh weak | Spirit may be strong to resist temptation, but the flesh is weak; Spirit wills to resist temptation | Spirit wills to resist temptation to stop watching and praying, but the flesh is weak. Spirit eager to resist temptation. |
| Matthew 27:50 | ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς πάλιν κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἀφῆκεν τὸ πνεῦμα | but Jesus again crying out voice loud released the spirit | Jesus released His spirit voluntarily and died | Spirit may be consciously released Death means spirit left body |
| Mark 2:8 | καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ ὅτι οὕτως διαλογίζονται ἐν ἑαυτοῖς λέγει αὐτοῖς, Τί ταῦτα διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν | and immediately perceived Jesus in the spirit of him that such were reasoning in themselves, said to them, Why this reasoning in the hearts of you? | The spirit of Jesus perceived the reasoning of other people | Spirit may perceive the reasoning of other people |
| Mark 8:12 | καὶ ἀναστενάξας τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ λέγει, Τί ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη ζητεῖ σημεῖον; ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, εἰ δοθήσεται τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ σημεῖον. | and groaning deeply in the spirit of Him, He says, What the this generation seeks a sign; truly I say to you, will a sign be given to this generation? | Jesus had a spirit Jesus groaned deeply in His spirit | People made Jesus groan deeply in His spirit |
| Luke 1:17 | καὶ αὐτὸς προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλίου, ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα καὶ ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων, ἑτοιμάσαι κυρίῳ λαὸν κατεσκευασμένον | and he went forth before him in spirit and power of Elijah, he to turn hearts of fathers to children and disobedient into thought righteous, to prepare to Lord people constructed | John the Baptist worked in the spirit and power of Elijah | One person may in the spirit of another person with power to work for God |
| Luke 1:47 | καὶ ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ τῷ σωτῆρί μου, | and exulted the spirit of me to the God to the Savior | The spirit of saints like Mary exult in God their Savior | Spirits exult in God as their Savior |
| Luke 1:80 | Τὸ δὲ παιδίον ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι, καὶ ἦν ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις ἕως ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ | And the child kept growing and kept increasing in power in spirit, and was in the wilderness until the day of designation to the Israel. | John kept growing more powerful in spirit | People may continue to grow more powerful in spirit |
| Luke 8:55 | καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῆς, καὶ ἀνέστη παραχρῆμα, καὶ διέταξεν αὐτῇ δοθῆναι φαγεῖν | and returned the spirit of her and she arose immediately and He ordered to her be given to eat. | And her spirit returned, and she arose immediately, and He ordered to be given to her to eat. | People have a spirit. People’s spirit departs at death. Jesus made the spirit return to her and He gave orders to give her food to eat. |
| Luke 23:46 | καὶ φωνήσας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, Πάτερ, εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου: τοῦτο δὲ εἰπὼν ἐξέπνευσεν | And crying out with a voice loud, Jesus said, Father, into the hands of you I place the spirit of me. And having said this, He out spirited. | Jesus placed His spirit into the Father’s hands. He caused His spirit to go out of Him. | Jesus willed His spirit to leave and be placed into the hand of His Father |
| Luke 24:37 | πτοηθέντες δὲ καὶ ἔμφοβοι γενόμενοι ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν | But they were terrified and frightened they were becoming, and supposed to see a spirit | Spirits may be seen at times | Spirits may be seen at times |
| Luke 24:39 | ἴδετε τὰς χεῖράς μου καὶ τοὺς πόδας μου ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι αὐτός: ψηλαφήσατέ με καὶ ἴδετε, ὅτι πνεῦμα σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα οὐκ ἔχει καθὼς ἐμὲ θεωρεῖτε ἔχοντα | See the hands of me and the feet of me that I Myself am He. Touch Me and see, the spirit flesh and bone not has like you are seeing I am having | Spirits do not have flesh and bones | Spirits lack flesh and bones |
| John 3:6 | τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν. | That having been born of the flesh flesh is; and that having been born of the Spirit spirit is. | That which is born of the Spirit is spirit | Saints have a new spirit after rebirth |
| John 4:23 | ἀλλὰ ἔρχεται ὥρα, καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ: καὶ γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ τοιούτους ζητεῖ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτόν | But comes hour and now is, that the true worshipers worship to Father in spirit and in truth; for also the Father these seek the worshipers Him. | True worshipers worship the Father in spirit and in truth | Saints worship in spirit and the Father seeks such worshipers |
| John 4:24 | πνεῦμα ὁ θεός, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτὸν ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν. | Spirit the God, and the ones worshiping Him in spirit and in truth must to worship | God is spirit; people must worship God in spirit and truth | God is spirit. Saints must worship God in spirit and in truth. |
| John 6:63 | ὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν, ἡ σὰρξ οὐκ ὠφελεῖ οὐδέν: τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν | The Spirit is the life maker, the flesh profits nothing; the word which I have spoken to you spirit is and life is. | Jesus spoke words which are spirit and life | The words of Jesus are spirit and life; the flesh profits nothing |
| John 11:33 | Ἰησοῦς οὖν ὡς εἶδεν αὐτὴν κλαίουσαν καὶ τοὺς συνελθόντας αὐτῇ Ἰουδαίους κλαίοντας, ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πνεύματι καὶ ἐτάραξεν ἑαυτόν | Therefore Jesus while He saw her weeping, and the Jews who came to her weeping, deeply moved in the spirit and troubled himself | Weeping moved the spirit of Jesus | Weeping touched and moved the spirit of Jesus |
| John 13:21 | Ταῦτα εἰπὼν [ὁ] Ἰησοῦς ἐταράχθη τῷ πνεύματι καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν καὶ εἶπεν, Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με | Having said these things, He was troubled in spirit and testified and said, Truly, truly I say to you that one of you will betray Me | Jesus became troubled in spirit and testified that truly one of them will betray Him | Jesus was troubled in spirit. Betrayal troubled troubled the spirit of Jesus and He spoke about it. |
| John 19:30 | ὅτε οὖν ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος [ὁ] Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, Τετέλεσται: καὶ κλίνας τὴν κεφαλὴν παρέδωκεν τὸ πνεῦμα | Therefore when He had received the sour wine, Jesus said, It Has Been Finished and He bowed His head and gave up the spirit. | Jesus has a spirit. He gave it up on the cross. It had been finished. | Jesus a spirit. Jesus gave up His spirit on the cross. |
| Acts 7:59 | καὶ ἐλιθοβόλουν τὸν Στέφανον ἐπικαλούμενον καὶ λέγοντα, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου | and they continued stoning the Stephen the one calling and saying, Lord Jesus, receive the spirit of me | Stephen requested that Lord Jesus receive his spirit as he was stoned to death | Jesus receives spirits at death |
| Acts 17:16 | Ἐν δὲ ταῖς Ἀθήναις ἐκδεχομένου αὐτοὺς τοῦ Παύλου, παρωξύνετο τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ θεωροῦντος κατείδωλον οὖσαν τὴν πόλιν | But in the Athens waiting for them the Paul was stirred up the spirit of him in His observation full of idols was the city. | The spirit of Paul was stirred up by seeking all the idols filling Athens | Spirits can be stirred up within a man by the sight of a city full of idols |
| Acts 18:25 | οὗτος ἦν κατηχημένος τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ ζέων τῷ πνεύματι ἐλάλει καὶ ἐδίδασκεν ἀκριβῶς τὰ περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ἐπιστάμενος μόνον τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου | This man had been instructed in the way of he Lord and fervent in spirit kept on speaking and teaching accurately things concerning Jesus, knowing only the baptism of John. | Teachers may be fervent in spirit and teach accurately | Spirits may be fervent and produce accurate teaching, based upon limited knowledge |
| Acts 19:21 | Ὡς δὲ ἐπληρώθη ταῦτα, ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πνεύματι διελθὼν τὴν Μακεδονίαν καὶ Ἀχαΐαν πορεύεσθαι εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, εἰπὼν ὅτι Μετὰ τὸ γενέσθαι με ἐκεῖ δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδεῖν | No having been fulfilled these things, the Paul purposed in the spirit having passed through Macedonia and Achaia to go to Jerusalem, saying, that after the things come upon me there and I to see Rome. | Paul purposed in spirit to go to Jerusaelm | Spirit may have purpose and plans for travel |
| Acts 20:22 | καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ δεδεμένος ἐγὼ τῷ πνεύματι πορεύομαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ συναντήσοντά μοι μὴ εἰδώς | and now behold I having been bound in spirit I go to Jerusalem, I know not what things in Jerusalem will happen to me. | Paul was bound in spirit to go to Jerusalem | Spirits may be bound to do something, perhaps on a mission to somewhere |
| Acts 23:9 | ἐγένετο δὲ κραυγὴ μεγάλη, καὶ ἀναστάντες τινὲς τῶν γραμματέων τοῦ μέρους τῶν Φαρισαίων διεμάχοντο λέγοντες, Οὐδὲν κακὸν εὑρίσκομεν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ: εἰ δὲ πνεῦμα ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ ἢ ἄγγελος | And occurred an uproar great, and arose some of the scribes of the party of the Pharisees protesting violently, saying, Nothing evil we have found in the man this one; but if a spirit spoke to him or an angel? | People believed that spirits spoke to people | Spirits may speak to people |
| Romans 1:9 | μάρτυς γάρ μού ἐστιν ὁ θεός, ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἀδιαλείπτως μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμα | For God is my witness, whom I serve in the spirit of me in the Gospel of His Son, as to unceasingly mention of you I make | Paul served God in his spirit the Gospel of Jesus Christ | We serve God in spirit by preaching the Gospel of His Son |
| Romans 8:10 | εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν, τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην | But if Christ in you, then the body dead because sin but the spirit alive because of righteousness | Righteousness makes the spirit alive | Righteousness makes the spirit alive, in contrast to sin which makes the body dead |
| Romans 8:15 | οὐ γὰρ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας πάλιν εἰς φόβον, ἀλλὰ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν, Αββα ὁ πατήρ: | For not you received a spirit of slavery again to fear, but you received spirit of sonship in which we cry, Abba, the Father | We received not a spirit of slavery, but a spirit of sonship, in which we cry, Abba, Father | We do not have a spirit of slavery. We did receive a spirit of sonship, and so i that spirit we cry, Abba, Father |
| Romans 8:16 | αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν ὅτι ἐσμὲν τέκνα θεοῦ. | The Spirit Himself jointly testifies with our spirit that we are children of God | Our spirit testify that we are children of God and the Holy Spirit joins that testimony | Spirits may cry out, Abba, Father The Holy Spirit testifies with our spirit that we are the children of God |
| Romans 11:8 | καθὼς γέγραπται, Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα κατανύξεως, ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας | even as it has been written, God gave them a spirit stupor, eye which not to see and ears which not to hear, until today day | God gives spirits to people; God gave some a spirit of stupor so that they would not see nor hear, lasting until this very day | Spirit of stupor can deafen and blind a person; God gives a spirit of stupor to some people |
| Romans 12:11 | τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες | In the diligence not lazy, in the spirit fervent, in the Lord serving | God wants saints to be fervent in spirit | Spirit may be fervent in serving the Lord and not lacking diligence |
| 1 Corinthians 2:11 | τίς γὰρ οἶδεν ἀνθρώπων τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ; οὕτως καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδεὶς ἔγνωκεν εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. | For who has known of men things of the man except the spirit of the man, the one in him. Likewise also the things of God no one has known except the spirit of God. | The spirit in a man knows the things of man just like the spirit of God knows the things of God | Spirit knows the things of man. The Spirit of God knows the things of God. |
| 1 Corinthians 4:21 | τί θέλετε; ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔλθω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἢ ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος; | What you will? With rod I come to you or in love with spirit of gentleness | People may have a spirit of gentleness | Spirit of gentleness may control people, but people choose what spirit |
| 1 Corinthians 5:3 | ἐγὼ μὲν γάρ, ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι, ἤδη κέκρικα ὡς παρὼν τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον | For even though I absent in the body, but present in the spirit, already have judged as present the one committed this. | People may be present in spirit, absent in body | Spirit has no bounds, present in spirit while absent in body from a location; present in spirit also allows action taken elsewhere |
| 1 Corinthians 5:4 | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου [ἡμῶν] Ἰησοῦ, συναχθέντων ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματος σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ | In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ your assembled, and the of me spirit with the power of the Lord our Jesus | Paul in spirit joined the assembled Corinthians with the power of the Lord Jesus | People may join an assembled group in spirit with the power of the Lord Jesus to deliver a person to satan |
| 1 Corinthians 5:5 | παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός, ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου. | to deliver such a one to satan to the destruction of flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord | satan may destroy flesh, but the spirit will be saved in the day of the Lord | satan has power over bodies, but cannot do anything after the flesh dies; saints may have their bodies killed by satan, but their spirit will be saved in the day of the Lord |
| 1 Corinthians 6:17 | 6 17 Search ὁ δὲ κολλώμενος τῷ κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν. | but the one who is joined to the Lord one spirit is | salvation brings a unit of spirit between God and the saints | The spirit of the saint can be joined to the spirit of the Lord |
| 1 Corinthians 7:34 | καὶ μεμέρισται. καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄγαμος καὶ ἡ παρθένος μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κυρίου, ἵνα ᾖ ἁγία καὶ τῷ σώματι καὶ τῷ πνεύματι: ἡ δὲ γαμήσασα μεριμνᾷ τὰ τοῦ κόσμου, πῶς ἀρέσῃ τῷ ἀνδρί. | and have been divided. The woman the unmarried and the virgin care about the things of the Lord, the she may be holy both in the body and in the spirit | holiness applies to the body and the spirit | spirits may be holy, like the body may be holy |
| 1 Corinthians 14:2 | ὁ γὰρ λαλῶν γλώσσῃ οὐκ ἀνθρώποις λαλεῖ ἀλλὰ θεῷ, οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἀκούει, πνεύματι δὲ λαλεῖ μυστήρια: | For the one speaking in tongue not to men speaks, for no one understands, but in spirit he speaks mysteries | In spirit one speaks mysteries in a tongue–revelations from God; no one understands him | The Spiritual Gift of Tongues operates i the spirit of the saint to speak mysteries–revelations from God hidden in the past, but now revealed |
| 1 Corinthians 14:14 | ἐὰν [γὰρ] προσεύχωμαι γλώσσῃ, τὸ πνεῦμά μου προσεύχεται, ὁ δὲ νοῦς μου ἄκαρπός ἐστιν | for if ipray in tongue, the spirit of me prays, but the mind of me unfruitful is | The Spiritual Gift of Tongues operates in the spirit, but the mind is different from the spirit; the mind is unfruitful while the spirit is actively speaking | The Spiritual Gift of Tongues distinguishes the mind from the spirit; The Spiritual Gift of Tongues operates in the spirit, and the mind does not participate nor understand what is being said; the spirit and the mind remain very separate; the soul can do things incomprehensible to the mind |
| 1 Corinthians 14:15 | τί οὖν ἐστιν; προσεύξομαι τῷ πνεύματι, προσεύξομαι δὲ καὶ τῷ νοΐ: ψαλῶ τῷ πνεύματι, ψαλῶ δὲ καὶ τῷ νοΐ. | What then is? I will in the spirit, but I will also in the mind; I will sing praise in the spirit and also I will sing praise in mind | Saints pray in the spirit and pray with the mind; saints sing in the spirit and sing in the mind also | Our minds are not the same as our spirits, but both of them can participate together in singing praise and praying |
| 1 Corinthians 14:16 | ἐπεὶ ἐὰν εὐλογῇς [ἐν] πνεύματι, ὁ ἀναπληρῶν τὸν τόπον τοῦ ἰδιώτου πῶς ἐρεῖ τὸ Ἀμήν ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ, ἐπειδὴ τί λέγεις οὐκ οἶδεν | Otherwise if you bles in spirit, the one filling the place of the ungifted how to say the Amen in your giving thanks; because he does not know what you speak | If you bless in the spirit, no one knows what you are saying | The spirit speaks mysteries, praises and worships God, but without the mind, observers cannot understand the speech. Therefore, we know some speech and worship come from the spirit, but are unintellible to the ungifted |
| 1 Corinthians 14:32 | καὶ πνεύματα προφητῶν προφήταις ὑποτάσσεται | and spirits of prophets to prophets to be subject | Spirits of prophets are to be subject to prophets | Prophets have spirits and those spirits must be subject to prophets |
| 1 Corinthians 15:45 | οὕτως καὶ γέγραπται, Ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδὰμ εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν: ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν. | So also it has been written, Became the first man, Adam, into soul living, the last Adam into spirit life making. eis plus accusative motion | Jesus, the last Adam, brought life into spirit. | Jesus, the last Adam, became a life-making spirit. Adams became a living soul. Soul and spirit are very different. |
| 1 Corinthians 16:18 | ἀνέπαυσαν γὰρ τὸ ἐμὸν πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν. ἐπιγινώσκετε οὖν τοὺς τοιούτους. | For they refreshed the spirit of me and the of yours; recognize such ones. | People can refresh the spirit | People can refresh a spirit with spiritual ministry |
| 2 Corinthians 2:13 | ἀνέπαυσαν γὰρ τὸ ἐμὸν πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν. ἐπιγινώσκετε οὖν τοὺς τοιούτους | For I have had no rest in the spirit of me, in that Titus, the brother of me, not to find me, but parting with them I went out to Macedonia | Not finding someone you seek may deprive your spirit of rest | Spirits may not rest with the concern over not finding or being found by someone |
| 2 Corinthians 4:13 | ἔχοντες δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, Ἐπίστευσα, διὸ ἐλάλησα, καὶ ἡμεῖς πιστεύομεν, διὸ καὶ λαλοῦμεν, | But having the same spirit of the faith, according to the Scriptures, I believed, therefore I spoke, and we ourselves believe, and therefor we also speak | Paul had the same spirit of faith which caused him to believe and then speak | The spirit of faith causes people to speak after believing |
| 2 Corinthians 7:1 | ταύτας οὖν ἔχοντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας, ἀγαπητοί, καθαρίσωμεν ἑαυτοὺς ἀπὸ παντὸς μολυσμοῦ σαρκὸς καὶ πνεύματος, ἐπιτελοῦντες ἁγιωσύνην ἐν φόβῳ θεοῦ. | Therefore, having these, the promises, beloved, we may cleanse ourselves from all flesh and spirit defilement, perfecting sanctification in fear of God | The promises of God cleanse both the flesh and the spirit, and have the power to perfect holiness in the fear of God as we cleanse ourselves | Both flesh and spirit may be defiled; through the promises of God, we may cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and spirit. Perfecting holiness in the fear of God means that we cleanse ourselves believing the promises |
| 2 Corinthians 7:13 | διὰ τοῦτο παρακεκλήμεθα. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ παρακλήσει ἡμῶν περισσοτέρως μᾶλλον ἐχάρημεν ἐπὶ τῇ χαρᾷ Τίτου, ὅτι ἀναπέπαυται τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν: | Because of this we have been comforted. And upon our comfort, we rejoiced especially more over the joy of Titus, because has been refreshed the spirit of him by means of all of you. | Corinthians refreshed the spirit of Titus. In turn, Paul and the ministry team were comforted, plus they rejoiced even more for the joy of Titus, having been refreshed by the Corinthians. | Spirits may be refreshed by the ministry of other people, which has an effect of bring comfort and greater joy. |
| 2 Corinthians 12:18 | παρεκάλεσα Τίτον καὶ συναπέστειλα τὸν ἀδελφόν: μήτι ἐπλεονέκτησεν ὑμᾶς Τίτος; οὐ τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι περιεπατήσαμεν; οὐ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἴχνεσιν; | I urged Titus to go and I sent the brother with him. Titus took no advantage of you, right? Not in the same spirit we walked? In the same footsteps? | Saints can walk in the same spirit. | Saints can walk in the same spirit, as Paul and the ministry team conducted themselves in the same spirit; the proper spirit prevents people taking advantage of other people |
| Galatians 6:18 | Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν, ἀδελφοί: ἀμήν. | The grace of the Lord our Jesus Christ be with the spirits of you, brethren. Amen. | The grace of Jesus may be with the spirit of people. It also forms a nice benediction. | The grace of the Lord Jesus joins with our spirits and influences us as we let it. |
| Ephesians 1:17 | ἵνα ὁ θεὸς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δόξης, δώῃ ὑμῖν πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ | That the God of the Lord our Jesus Christ, the Father of the glory, may give to you spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him | God gives a spirit of wisdom and revelation to saints. We may pray for God to give saints that spirit of wisdom and revelation | God gives the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of HIm |
| Ephesians 2:2 | ἐν αἷς ποτε περιεπατήσατε κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, κατὰ τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας | In which you used to walk according to the age of this world, according to the prince of the authority of the air, of the spirit which now working in the sons of the disobedience | The sons of disobedience have a spirit working in them producing a walk according to this age, according to the prince of the power of the air | The spirit at work in the sons of disobedience produces a walk of disobedience, according to the age of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air |
| Ephesians 4:23 | ἀνανεοῦσθαι δὲ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν, | to be renewed in the spirit of the mind of you | Renewal takes place in the spirit of the mind | The mind has a spirit. The spirit of the mind may be renewed. |
| Philippians 1:27 | Μόνον ἀξίως τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ Χριστοῦ πολιτεύεσθε, ἵνα εἴτε ἐλθὼν καὶ ἰδὼν ὑμᾶς εἴτε ἀπὼν ἀκούω τὰ περὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, | Only worthy of the Gospel of the Christ conduct yourself, that whether I, come and see you or if absent, I hear the things about you, that you stand in one spirit, in one soul striving together in the faith of the Gospel. | Saints can stand firm in one spirit, with one soul striving together for the faith of the Gospel | Saints may stand united in one spirit, striving united in one soul for the faith of the Gospel |
| Philippians 4:23 | ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν. | The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ with the spirit of you. | The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ can be with you. You can also pray for other saints to have that same grace with their spirit. | The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ can be with your spirit. You can also pray for other saints that the same grace may be with them. Grace can be with your spirit. |
| Colossians 2:5 | εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῇ σαρκὶ ἄπειμι, ἀλλὰ τῷ πνεύματι σὺν ὑμῖν εἰμι, χαίρων καὶ βλέπων ὑμῶν τὴν τάξιν καὶ τὸ στερέωμα τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν πίστεως ὑμῶν | For if in flesh I am absent, but in spirit with you I am, rejoicing and seeing of you the order and steadfastness of the faith in Christ of you. | Although Paul was absent in the flesh from the Colossians, he was present in spirit and rejoicing and seeing the order and steadfastness in their faith in Christ. | Flesh and spirit are not the same. Your spirit may be present with people geographically far away, and rejoicing and seeing their faith and steadfastness in their faith in Christ. Notice that spirits see and rejoice. |
| 1 Thessalonians 5:23 | Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς, καὶ ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀμέμπτως ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τηρηθείη | But may the God of peace Himself sanctify you ultimately, and whole being kept your the spirit and the soul and the body blameless in the appearing of the Lord our Jesus Christ. | Paul prays that the God of peace would sanctify the saints entirely. For Paul, this entire sanctification sanctifying the spirit, soul and body, and keeping them who, without blame, at the appearing of Christ Jesus. | Paul distinguished the spirit, the soul, and the body. We should follow that distinction because words matter. Sanctification occurs in the body, the spirit, and the soul. The keeping work of the God of Peace including sanctifying the spirit, the soul and the body. |
| 2 Timothy 1:7 | οὐ γὰρ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ | For God has not given to us a spirit of timidity, but of power and love and sound judgment | God gave us a spirit of power, love and sound judgment, not timidity | God gave us a spirit of power, love and sound judgment, not timidity |
| 2 Timothy 4:22 | Ὁ κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου. ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν. | The Lord with your spirit. The grace with you. | The Lord can be with our spirit. | People can pray that the Lord be with our spirit. |
| Philemon 1:25 | 1 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν | The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ with your spirit | The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ can be with our spirit | People can pray that the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit |
| Hebrews 4:12 | Ζῶν γὰρ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐνεργὴς καὶ τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον καὶ διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν, καὶ κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας | For living the word of God and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, and penetrating as far as the divison of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge thoughts and intentions of heart | God’s word divides soul from spirit, and judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart. One may argue that thoughts relate to the soul and intentions relate to the spirit, but I have my doubts about that view. | Soul and spirit are not the same and may be divided by the word of God. Therefore, the word of God has the ability to pierce and separate the activity of the soul from the activity of the spirit. The heart has thoughts and intentions and stands distinguishable from soul and spirit. |
| Hebrews 12:9 | εἶτα τοὺς μὲν τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας εἴχομεν παιδευτὰς καὶ ἐνετρεπόμεθα: οὐ πολὺ [δὲ] μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ ζήσομεν; | but the of flesh of our fathers we have as instructors, not much more be subject to the Father of the spirit and live? | God is the Father of spirits | God is the Father of spirits , and He instructs us |
| Hebrews 12:23 | καὶ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρωτοτόκων ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς, καὶ κριτῇ θεῷ πάντων, καὶ πνεύμασι δικαίων τετελειωμένων | to assembly of firstborn enrolled in heavens and to Judge God of All and to spirits righteous made perfect | Saints have come to assembly of firstborns in heavens and to Judge God of All and to righteous, perfected spirits | Saints have come to assembly of firstborn, and to Judge God of All and to righteous, perfected saints |
| James 2:26 | ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν, οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν | For just as the body without spirit dead is, so also the faith without works dead is. | The body without spirit is dead. Notice that the spirit did not die, the body died. | When the spirit leaves the body, the body dies. The spirit is essential to the body living. |
| 1 Peter 3:4 | λλ’ ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ πραέως καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ πολυτελές | But the hidden man of the heart in the imperishable of the gentle and quiet spirit, which is before the God very precious | An spirit may be in a heart. A spirit may be gentle and quiet. A wife’s spirit may be gentle and quiet, even when the husband disobeys the word. Every wife should know that a gentle and quiet spirit in the hidden heart is very precious to God. God values some spirits very highly. | In a bad marriage, where the husband disobeys the Word of God, the wife may have a gentle and quiet spirit in her hidden heart, which produces wholesome behavior. Such spirit is very precious before God, Who sees the behavior, the heart and the spirit. |
| 1 Peter 3:18 | ὅτι καὶ Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων, ἵνα ὑμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ θεῷ, θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζῳοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι: | that also Christ once for sins suffered, just for unjust, that you He may lead to God having been put to death in flesh but having been made alive in spirit | Jesus was put to death in the flesh, but made alive in spirit. | Jesus died once for sins, by being put death in the flesh, but made alive in spirit. Jesus had a spirit, and it was made alive at death. |
| 1 Peter 4:6 | εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη ἵνα κριθῶσι μὲν κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ ζῶσι δὲ κατὰ θεὸν πνεύματι. | For to this also dead ones have been evangelized, that though may have been judged according to men in flesh, but they may live according to God in spirit | God evangelizes dead people, so that even though they have been judged according to men in the flesh, but they may live according to God in spirit. | God evangelizes dead people still in the flesh, but condemned as men by God, but made alive according to God in the spirit. The spirit becomes alive through evangelization. |
| 1 John 4:6 | ἡμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐσμεν: ὁ γινώσκων τὸν θεὸν ἀκούει ἡμῶν, ὃς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἀκούει ἡμῶν. ἐκ τούτου γινώσκομεν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης. | We are of the God; the ones knowing the God hear us; the ones not are of God no hear us. Of this we know the spirit of the truth and the spirit of the error. | The spirit of truth and the spirit of error determines whether someone listens to the apostles of Jesus and the saints. | The spirit of truth and the spirit of error inhabit people. Believers have the spirit of truth and listen to God speaking through people. |
| Revelation 22:6 | Καὶ εἶπέν μοι, Οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί, καὶ ὁ κύριος, ὁ θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν, ἀπέστειλεν τὸν ἄγγελον αὐτοῦ δεῖξαι τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι ἐν τάχει. | And he said to me, These the words, faithful and true, and the Lord the God of spirits of the prophets sent the angels of Him to show the servants of Him what must comet to be in quickness | God is the Father of the spirits of prophets | God is the Father of the spirits of the prophets |
| Zechariah 12:1 | מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָ֔רֶץ וְיֹצֵ֥ר רֽוּחַ־אָדָ֖ם בְּקִרְבֹּֽו׃ | The burden of the word of Yahweh concerning Israel. Thus declares Yahweh who stretches out the heavens, and who founds the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him; | Yahweh forms the spirit of man within him, like He made the heaves and the earth | God forms the spirit of man within him |
| Genesis 1:2 | 2 וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֨הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְהֹ֑ום וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ | The earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters. | ||
| Genesis 6:3 | יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה לֹֽא־יָדֹ֨ון רוּחִ֤י בָֽאָדָם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ם בְּשַׁגַּ֖ם ה֣וּא בָשָׂ֑ר וְהָי֣וּ יָמָ֔יו מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | Then the LORD said, “My Spirit shall not strive with man forever, because he also is flesh; nevertheless his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.” | ||
| Genesis 7:22 | כֹּ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁמַת־ר֨וּחַ חַיִּ֜ים בְּאַפָּ֗יו מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֶּחָֽרָבָ֖ה מֵֽתוּ׃ | of all that was on the dry land, all in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, died. | ||
| Genesis 41:8 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Genesis 45:27 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Exodus 28:3 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Exodus 31:3 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Exodus 35:21 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Exodus 35:31 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Numbers 5:14 | 8 וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹ֔ו וְאֵין־פֹּותֵ֥ר אֹותָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | |||
| Numbers 5:30 | זֹ֥את תֹּורַ֖ת הַקְּנָאֹ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּשְׂטֶ֥ה אִשָּׁ֛ה תַּ֥חַת אִישָׁ֖הּ וְנִטְמָֽאָה׃ | |||
| Numbers 11:17 | וְיָרַדְתִּ֗י וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣י עִמְּךָ֮ שָׁם֒ וְאָצַלְתִּ֗י מִן־הָר֛וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָשְׂא֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּמַשָּׂ֣א הָעָ֔ם וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ | |||
| Numbers 11:25 | וַיֵּ֨רֶד יְהוָ֥ה׀ בֶּעָנָן֮ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָיו֒ וַיָּ֗אצֶל מִן־הָר֨וּחַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֕ן עַל־שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ הַזְּקֵנִ֑ים וַיְהִ֗י כְּנֹ֤וחַ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ הָר֔וּחַ וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ וְלֹ֥א יָסָֽפוּ׃ | |||
| Numbers 11:26 | וַיִּשָּׁאֲר֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים׀ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֡ה שֵׁ֣ם הָאֶחָ֣ד׀ אֶלְדָּ֡ד וְשֵׁם֩ הַשֵּׁנִ֨י מֵידָ֜ד וַתָּ֧נַח עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם הָר֗וּחַ וְהֵ֨מָּה֙ בַּכְּתֻבִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָצְא֖וּ הָאֹ֑הֱלָה וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | |||
| Numbers 11:29 | יֹּ֤אמֶר לֹו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לִ֑י וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ נְבִיאִ֔ים כִּי־יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רוּחֹ֖ו עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | |||
| Numbers 14:24 | יֹּ֤אמֶר לֹו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לִ֑י וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ נְבִיאִ֔ים כִּי־יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רוּחֹ֖ו עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | |||
| Numbers 24:2 | 2 וַיִּלֹּ֨נוּ֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן כֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֲלֵהֶ֜ם כָּל־הָעֵדָ֗ה לוּ־מַ֨תְנוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֹ֛ו בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לוּ־מָֽתְנוּ׃ | |||
| Numbers 27:18 | 2 וַיִּלֹּ֨נוּ֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן כֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֲלֵהֶ֜ם כָּל־הָעֵדָ֗ה לוּ־מַ֨תְנוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֹ֛ו בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לוּ־מָֽתְנוּ׃ | |||
| Deuteronomy 2:30 | 2 וַיִּלֹּ֨נוּ֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן כֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֲלֵהֶ֜ם כָּל־הָעֵדָ֗ה לוּ־מַ֨תְנוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֹ֛ו בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לוּ־מָֽתְנוּ׃ | |||
| Deuteronomy 34:9 | וִֽיהֹושֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מָלֵא֙ ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֔ה כִּֽי־סָמַ֥ךְ מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָדָ֖יו עָלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ אֵלָ֤יו בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | |||
| Joshua 5:1 | יְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הֹובִ֨ישׁ | |||
| Judges 3:10 | יְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הֹובִ֨ישׁ | |||
| Judges 6:34 | ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לָבְשָׁ֖ה אֶת־גִּדְעֹ֑ון וַיִּתְקַע֙ בַּשֹּׁופָ֔ר וַיִּזָּעֵ֥ק אֲבִיעֶ֖זֶר אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | |||
| Judges 9:23 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֱלֹהִים֙ ר֣וּחַ רָעָ֔ה בֵּ֣ין אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וּבֵ֖ין בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּ בַעֲלֵי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | |||
| Judges 11:29 | וַתְּהִ֤י עַל־יִפְתָּח֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־מִצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד וּמִמִּצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד עָבַ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י עַמֹּֽון׃ | |||
| Judges 13:25 | ל֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְפַעֲמֹ֖ו בְּמַחֲנֵה־דָ֑ן בֵּ֥ין צָרְעָ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹֽל׃ פ | |||
| Judges 14:6 | 6 וַתָּבֹ֣א הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִישָׁהּ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּ כְּמַרְאֵ֛ה מַלְאַ֥ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נֹורָ֣א מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א שְׁאִלְתִּ֨יהוּ֙ אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֣ה ה֔וּא וְאֶת־שְׁמֹ֖ו לֹֽא־הִגִּ֥יד לִֽי׃ | |||
| Judges 14:19 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּקֹ֣ול מָנֹ֑וחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים עֹ֜וד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יֹושֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנֹ֥וחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | |||
| Judges 15:14 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּקֹ֣ול מָנֹ֑וחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים עֹ֜וד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יֹושֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנֹ֥וחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 1:15 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּקֹ֣ול מָנֹ֑וחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים עֹ֜וד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יֹושֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנֹ֥וחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 10:6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּקֹ֣ול מָנֹ֑וחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים עֹ֜וד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יֹושֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנֹ֥וחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 10:10 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּקֹ֣ול מָנֹ֑וחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים עֹ֜וד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יֹושֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנֹ֥וחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 11:6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּקֹ֣ול מָנֹ֑וחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים עֹ֜וד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יֹושֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנֹ֥וחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 16:13 | יִּקַּ֨ח שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶת־קֶ֣רֶן הַשֶּׁ֗מֶן וַיִּמְשַׁ֣ח אֹתֹו֮ בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֶחָיו֒ וַתִּצְלַ֤ח רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד מֵהַיֹּ֥ום הַה֖וּא וָמָ֑עְלָה וַיָּ֣קָם שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ הָרָמָֽתָה׃ ס | |||
| 1 Samuel 16:14 | וְר֧וּחַ יְהוָ֛ה סָ֖רָה מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֑וּל וּבִֽעֲתַ֥תּוּ רֽוּחַ־רָעָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 16:15 | וְר֧וּחַ יְהוָ֛ה סָ֖רָה מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֑וּל וּבִֽעֲתַ֥תּוּ רֽוּחַ־רָעָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 16:16 | יֹאמַר־נָ֤א אֲדֹנֵ֨נוּ֙ עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ יְבַקְשׁ֕וּ אִ֕ישׁ יֹדֵ֖עַ מְנַגֵּ֣ן בַּכִּנֹּ֑ור וְהָיָ֗ה | |||
| 1 Samuel 16:23 | וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְיֹ֤ות רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנֹּ֖ור וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְטֹ֣וב לֹ֔ו וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃ פ | |||
| 1 Samuel 18:10 | וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְיֹ֤ות רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנֹּ֖ור וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְטֹ֣וב לֹ֔ו וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃ פ | |||
| 1 Samuel 19:9 | וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה׀ רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵיתֹ֣ו יֹושֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִיתֹ֖ו בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 19:20 | וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה׀ רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵיתֹ֣ו יֹושֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִיתֹ֖ו בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 19:23 | וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה׀ רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵיתֹ֣ו יֹושֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִיתֹ֖ו בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד׃ | |||
| 1 Samuel 30:12 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לֹו֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּחֹ֖ו אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֹֽות׃ ס | |||
| 2 Samuel 23:2 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לֹו֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּחֹ֖ו אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֹֽות׃ ס | |||
| 1 Kings 10:5 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לֹו֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּחֹ֖ו אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֹֽות׃ ס | |||
| 1 Kings 18:12 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לֹו֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּחֹ֖ו אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֹֽות׃ ס | |||
| 1 Kings 21:5 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לֹו֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּחֹ֖ו אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֹֽות׃ ס | |||
| 1 Kings 22:21 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לֹו֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּחֹ֖ו אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֹֽות׃ ס | |||
| 1 Kings 22:22 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֨יתִי֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃ | |||
| 1 Kings 22:23 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֨יתִי֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃ | |||
| 1 Kings 22:24 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֨יתִי֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃ | |||
| 2 Kings 2:9 | וַיְהִ֣י כְעָבְרָ֗ם וְאֵ֨לִיָּ֜הוּ אָמַ֤ר אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֙ שְׁאַל֙ מָ֣ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ בְּטֶ֖רֶם אֶלָּקַ֣ח מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע וִֽיהִי־נָ֛א פִּֽי־שְׁנַ֥יִם בְּרוּחֲךָ֖ אֵלָֽי׃ | |||
| 2 Kings 2:15 | וַיְהִ֣י כְעָבְרָ֗ם וְאֵ֨לִיָּ֜הוּ אָמַ֤ר אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֙ שְׁאַל֙ מָ֣ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ בְּטֶ֖רֶם אֶלָּקַ֣ח מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע וִֽיהִי־נָ֛א פִּֽי־שְׁנַ֥יִם בְּרוּחֲךָ֖ אֵלָֽי׃ | |||
| 2 Kings 2:16 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֡יו הִנֵּה־נָ֣א יֵֽשׁ־אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ֩ חֲמִשִּׁ֨ים אֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּנֵֽי־חַ֗יִל יֵ֣לְכוּ נָא֮ וִיבַקְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶיךָ֒ פֶּן־נְשָׂאֹו֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִכֵ֨הוּ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד הֶהָרִ֔ים | |||
| 2 Kings 19:7 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בֹּו֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצֹ֑ו וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֹֽו׃ | |||
| 1 Chronicles 5:26 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בֹּו֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצֹ֑ו וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֹֽו׃ | |||
| 1 Chronicles 12:18 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בֹּו֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצֹ֑ו וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֹֽו׃ | |||
| 2 Chronicles 15:1 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בֹּו֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצֹ֑ו וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֹֽו׃ | |||
| 2 Chronicles 18:20 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בֹּו֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצֹ֑ו וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֹֽו׃ | |||
| 2 Chronicles 18:21 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בֹּו֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצֹ֑ו וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֹֽו׃ | |||
| 2 Chronicles 18:22 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| 2 Chronicles 18:23 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| 2 Chronicles 20:14 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| 2 Chronicles 21:16 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס zoom out | |||
| 2 Chronicles 24:20 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| 2 Chronicles 36:22 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ס | |||
| Ezra 1:1 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| Ezra 1:5 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| Nehemiah 9:20 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| Nehemiah 9:30 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| Job 4:15 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | |||
| Job 6:4 | כִּ֤י חִצֵּ֪י שַׁדַּ֡י עִמָּדִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲ֭מָתָם שֹׁתָ֣ה רוּחִ֑י בִּעוּתֵ֖י אֱלֹ֣והַּ יַֽעַרְכֽוּנִי׃ | |||
| Job 7:11 | כִּ֤י חִצֵּ֪י שַׁדַּ֡י עִמָּדִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲ֭מָתָם שֹׁתָ֣ה רוּחִ֑י בִּעוּתֵ֖י אֱלֹ֣והַּ יַֽעַרְכֽוּנִי׃ | |||
| Job 10:12 | חַיִּ֣ים וָ֭חֶסֶד עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּדִ֑י וּ֝פְקֻדָּתְךָ֗ שָֽׁמְרָ֥ה רוּחִֽי׃ | |||
| Job 15:3 | הֹוכֵ֣חַ בְּ֭דָבָר לֹ֣א יִסְכֹּ֑ון וּ֝מִלִּ֗ים לֹא־יֹועִ֥יל בָּֽם | |||
| Job 17:1 | הֹוכֵ֣חַ בְּ֭דָבָר לֹ֣א יִסְכֹּ֑ון וּ֝מִלִּ֗ים לֹא־יֹועִ֥יל בָּֽם | |||
| Job 20:3 | מוּסַ֣ר כְּלִמָּתִ֣י אֶשְׁמָ֑ע וְ֝ר֗וּחַ מִֽבִּינָתִ֥י יַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
References
| ↑1 | The Hebrew text reads: “וַיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וַיִּפַּ֥ח בְּאַפָּ֖יו נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה.” Yahweh Elohim blew (“יִּפַּ֥ח“) into the nose of Adam and he became a living soul (“לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה“). Notice the Lamedh indicating a change happened in the man–he became a living soul. |
|---|---|
| ↑2 | Paul wrote: πείρεται σῶμα ψυχικόν, ἐγείρεται σῶμα πνευματικόν (1 Corinthians 15:44). |
| ↑3 | Paul wrote: “Ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδὰμ εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν“ |
| ↑4 | Jesus said: “τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν“. This verse contains the only other use of the term “ζῳοποιοῦν.” |
| ↑5 | The Greek term for “division” (“μερισμοῦ”) means different parts of a whole. See Mark 3:24 where a kingdom divided (“μερισθῇ”) against itself cannot stand and Luke 12:13 where a person calls upon Jesus to tell his brother to divide (“μερίσασθαι”) the inheritance with him. |
| ↑6 | While I appreciate the interplay between finding a soul and losing a soul, I like the translation better of finding a soul and destroying a soul because the same word is used to describe the evil vine-growers whom Christ destroys when he returns (Matthew 21:41; Luke 20:16; Mark 12:9). The word destruction describes suffering in the Afterlife–See Section Four in my E-Book on Afterlife. People find (a) the kingdom of God hidden as a treasure in the field (Matthew 13:44); (b) the pearl of great price (Matthew 13:56), (c) the sheep carried on the shoulders (Luke 15:5). Jesus found the Man Born Blind (John 9:35) and a young donkey (John 12:14). Finding means eternal life, as compared to eternal destruction. |
| ↑7 | Matthew quoted from the Servant Songs of Isaiah regarding Messiah, the Suffering Servant of God (Isaiah 42:1). |
| ↑8 | The root of the idea of “exalt” (“Μεγαλύνει“) means to enlarge, and so conveys exalt (Matthew 23:5 of tassels). Paul also wrote that Christ is exalted in his body whether through life or through death (“ἐν τῷ σώματί μου, εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου“). |
| ↑9 | The Greek phrase was “Εως πότε τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις;“ |
| ↑10 | John described the trouble this ways: “Νῦν ἡ ψυχή μου τετάρακται”–notice the perfect tense of the verb indicating a continuing condition of trouble. |
| ↑11, ↑13 | Some translators equate soul with life and employ that error in theology into their translations. The Greek term for “the soul” (“τὴν ψυχὴν“) has a special meaning throughout the Bible and should not be viewed merely as the “immaterial” part of man, subsuming soul, spirit, and other things under the single heading of “life” or some other general rubric. God inspired the words of the Bible and should be viewed with special care when God used different words such as soul and life and spirit and heart and will. |
| ↑12 | Translators display their bias by equating the terms life and soul. In this verse, Jesus used the term “soul” (“ψυχὴν“), not life, as the object of to save (“σῶσαι“) or to kill (“ἀποκτεῖναι“). |
| ↑14 | Translators display their bias by equating the terms life and soul. In this verse, Jesus used the term “soul” (“ψυχὴν”), not life, as the object of to save (“σῶσαι”) or to kill (“ἀποκτεῖναι”). |
| ↑15 | James wrote: “τὸν δυνάμενον σῶσαι τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν.” |
| ↑16 | The Greek participle “κομιζόμενοι” has other uses of the root word indicating it may mean to receive back or be paid back as in Ephesians 6:8; Colossians 4:25), but that meaning tends to undermine grace in this context which talks about faith without seeing Jesus. |
| ↑17 | Peter used the Greek term ” ἀκούσῃ“ for heed. |
| ↑18 | Peter used the word “will be ruined” (“ἐξολεθρευθήσεται”). Compare the related word ὄλεθρον to describe Satan destroying the body, but the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus (1 Corinthians 5:5); and the penalty of eternal ruin (“ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον“) (2 Thessalonians 1:9); and the ruin of destruction (“εἰς ὄλεθρον καὶ ἀπώλειαν“) (1 Timothy 6:9); and destruction (” ὄλεθρος “) coming upon people after they heard “Peace and safety!” ( 1 Thessalonians 5:3). Translating ὄλεθρον as destruction causes problems in distinguishing it from ἀπώλειαν used repeatedly to describe destruction of the soul in the Afterlife. Verbal correspondence of terms for English readers must be considered to communicate the verbal inspiration of Scripture. I repeatedly fail to apply that principle in my work, but I am growing far more sensitive to verbal correspondence. The ὄλεθρον appears to relate to bodily ruin and ἀπώλειαν certainly relates to soul destruction. Further study would be required here and for many other terms in this study. Peter’s use of the related term for ruin may mean the person not heeding Jesus will die bodily, and so be removed from the living congregation of Israel. |
| ↑19 | The Greek term for “gain” (“κερδήσῃ“) means to acquire, in this case through human effort or success. This third class condition speaks to a probable event; wide is the path to destruction and many people enter there. The Greek term for “forfeit” (“ζημιωθῇ“) occurs in the subjunctive mood, indicating the certain outcome of gaining the world and losing eternity. Paul used a similar term in describing the loss of cargo on a ship during a storm (Acts 27:10). |
| ↑20 | Jesus put it this way in Greek: ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν κτήσασθε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν. The term “gain” (“κτήσασθε“) in this context means to acquire. |
| ↑21 | James described it this way: “ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου“. |
| ↑22 | God used three distinct Greek terms there: the heart (“τῇ καρδίᾳ“), soul (“τῇ ψυχῇ“) and mind (“τῇ διανοίᾳ“). I prefer the translation in your heart, in your mind, and in your heart to capture the preposition ἐν with the dative case. Just as worry may be in the soul (Luke 12:22), so also love is in the soul and comes from the soul, as well as the heart and the mind. |
| ↑23 | John used the Greek phrase: ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. Jesus emphasized that He laid down His life and no one took it from Him (John 10:18). |
| ↑24 | The phrase “risked their lives” completely misses the point. Luke described Paul and Barnabas as men “who gave over their souls” (“παραδεδωκόσι τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν” followed by ” ὑπὲρ “). Again, the word for soul should never be confused with the term “life.” Luke did not talk about risk, but about giving the soul to the Lord Jesus (see Pilate handing over “παραδεδώκεισαν” Jesus to the Jews (Mark 15:10); and the devil offering to hand over (“παραδέδοται “) the world (Luke 4:6). |
| ↑25 | In Acts 21.24, Paul was directed to pay the expenses (“δαπάνησον”) for men under a vow. Same root word used of paying for the soul of the Corinthians. |
| ↑26 | Luke used the phrase “the relative in souls” (“τὴν συγγένειαν ἐνψυχαῖς“). |
| ↑27 | Paul put it this way: “πληρώσατέ μου τὴν χαρὰν ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ φρονῆτε, τὴν αὐτὴν ἀγάπην ἔχοντες, σύμψυχοι, τὸ ἓν φρονοῦντες“. Paul actually commanded them to make his joy full. Regarding thinking, Paul may have also meant to think the one thing. |
| ↑28 | James the wisdom not from above as “ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης”. |
| ↑29 | Luke used the phrase “ἀποβολὴ γὰρ ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν.“ |
| ↑30 | Matthew used the Greek term “grieved deeply” (“Περίλυπός“) ; Greek has a nice phrase for “deeply grieved” (“ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα“–Matthew 17:23). Περίλυπός also appears in Mark 6:26 to describe Herod’s sorrow over having to behead John the Baptist and in Luke 18:23 to describe the rich ruler after Jesus told him to sell everything so that he may inherit eternal life. Therefore, in Matthew 17:23, we see the additional phrase of deeply grieved until death (“ἕως θανάτου”–this preposition generally speaks of time; so Jesus was grieved until the time of His death, not as a description of how badly He grieved at the moment; after death, glory and rejoicing). |
| ↑31 | The Greek text reads: “ἵνα μὴ κάμητε ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἐκλυόμενοι.” This common “ἵνα ” clause with a negative means that we avoid this result. In this case, the result is that our souls are not discouraged (“κάμητε”–aorist subjunctive with the “μὴ“) and we do not give up (“ἐκλυόμενοι”). Verbal correspondence also plays a role here. To translate give up as the colloquial “lose heart” introduces the term heart into a passage where it does not exist. Translators must be conscious not to bring terms, such as “heart” which has very particular meaning, into the discussion of souls not giving up. Furthermore, when translators translate the phrase “ἵνα μὴ ἀθυμῶσιν–similar negative clause” as “that they will not lose heart,” they introduce the term “heart” into a passage that does not contain that term (Colossians 3:21). The problem also appears in Ephesians 3:13 with “μὴ ἐγκακεῖν” translated as “not to lose heart” ; and Galatians 6:9 with “μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν” translated as “not lose heart”; and 2 Corinthians 4:1, 16 with “οὐκ ἐγκακοῦμεν” not lose heart. |
| ↑32 | The verbs were “תִּגְעַ֣ל” and “וְגָעֲלָ֥ה” respectively. |
| ↑33 | Luke used the Greek phrase: “ἐτάραξαν ὑμᾶς λόγοις ἀνασκευάζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν” (Acts 15:24). |
| ↑34 | The Greek phrase was “ἐπήγειραν καὶ ἐκάκωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν.” New Testament Greek has a nice word for embittered which is “πικραίνεσθε” (Colossians 3:19; see also Revelation 10:9 about honey and bitterness.) A very similar term “ἐκάκωσαν” occurred in Acts 7:19 where Luke said that Pharaoh mistreated our fathers so that they would expose their infants. The term “embittered” does not capture the actual acts involved with the word “ἐκάκωσαν.” So, verbal correspondence makes a big difference, again. |
| ↑35 | John used the phrase “αθὼς εὐοδοῦταί σου ἡ ψυχή“. |
| ↑36 | Luke used the phrase “ἐπιστηρίζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μαθητῶν“. |
| ↑37 | Paul wrote that “every soul” (“Πᾶσα ψυχὴ“) must “be in subjection” (“ὑποτασσέσθω“) to the authorities (“ἐξουσίαις”). |
| ↑38 | God ordered: Obey your leaders The souls of saints obey their leaders and accept authority (“Πείθεσθε τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν καὶ ὑπείκετε“), for they attend to your souls as ones who render an account (“αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν ὡς λόγον ἀποδώσοντες”). |
| ↑39 | Paul used the term “soul” (“ψυχῆς“) referring to soul and not the heart. Verbal correspondence requires the translation using the word soul; using the term heart means the translator has equated heart and soul and substituted his opinion for God’s word. Furthermore, if a translator believes heart and soul refer to the same thing, when why not leave the word soul in the translation? |
| ↑40 | Peter used the Greek term “παρατιθέσθωσαν” in the imperative with a dative following. In Mark 6:41, this same root word was used of giving the loaves to the disciples to set it before the people, using a similar verb with dative following (“παρατιθῶσιν αὐτοῖς“). Therefore, I prefer the translation “set before.” |
| ↑41 | Peter emphasized the ongoing nature of the torment with “ἐβασάνιζεν“–imperfect, active, indicative. The righteous soul experiences this continuous torment. |
| ↑42 | Peter used the term “δελεάζοντες“–present active participle. He also described souls as “ἀστηρίκτους“. |
| ↑43 | Jude described certain evil men as “Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες, ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες“. |
| ↑44 | Jonah used the phrase “וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשֹׁו֙ לָמ֔וּת“. |
| ↑45 | The Greek word for “will” (“θέλῃ“) appears in the subjunctive mood, as part of a third class condition. People tend to try to save their own souls, but end up in Hell because they did not give up their lives to Jesus as Savior. The term destroy (“ἀπολέσει“) has strong associations with eternal destruction after the body dies on earth. |
| ↑46 | The Greek term for “destroy” (“ἀπολλύει“–present active indicative) emphasizes the ongoing nature of that destruction as you love your life in this world. Paul said if we hoped in this life only, then we are of all men most to be pitied (1 Corinthians 15:19). |
| ↑47 | The Greek includes present active participles related to the main verbs of destroys and guards. |
| ↑48 | Righteous people never shrink back to destruction (“ἀπώλειαν“–associated with destruction of the soul in the Afterlife, which only happens to unbelievers). |
| ↑49 | John wrote: “καὶ οὐκ ἠγάπησαν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν ἄχρι θανάτου“. |